In the last three decades, Western governments have increasingly lost interest in UN peacekeeping: they largely do not provide soldiers for missions and have not authorised an intervention through the Security Council since 2014. In response, states experiencing conflict have either handled it domestically or turned to other actors, including regional groups (such as the African Unions), individual states (Rwanda maintains a peacekeeping mission in northern Mozambique), or private military corporations (such as, before its demise, Russia's Wagner Group).

Medical Syncretism refers to the blending or merging of different medical traditions, practices, and beliefs into a unified approach to healthcare. For example, a patient with chronic pain might receive prescription painkillers alongside acupuncture sessions and herbal supplements from the same health practitioner.

Medical Pluralism refers to the coexistence and parallel use of multiple medical systems and practices within a society, without necessarily integrating them into a single framework. Each system operates independently, and patients may switch between or simultaneously use different medical approaches. For example, a person might visit a conventional medical doctor for a physical examination and diagnosis, consult a homoeopath for natural remedies, and seek spiritual guidance from a faith healer, with each practitioner providing separate and distinct treatments.

Friendshoring is the practise of restructuring supply chains towards geopolitical allies (e.g. Biden's chips act which excluded China from the semiconductor supply chain of America and its allies)

San Pedro is the largest prison in Bolivia and is renowned for being a society within itself. There are no guards inside the prison and police officers exclusively guard the outside of the prison only. Prisoners have to buy/rent the cells they live in, with a range of accomodation provided to them from worst to best. The families of prisoners are allowed to live with them, leaving and entering anytime they wish. Prisoners can earn money from working in the prison as messengers, hairdressers, shopkeepers and many more. The prison holds annual elections to elect a leader and executives, similar to a regular cabinet. The law in this "society" is made and enforced exclusively by the majority of the prisoners.